Flutes Of The World Views

• Music

A. The modern concert flute that we are all familiar with today was developed in Europe over the course of the last 800 years. It started as a keyless transverse flute and was developed side by side with the recorder-type of end-blown flute. Both flutes came in families called consorts, which were arranged according to size with the smallest to largest being sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, and bass.

B. During the 15th & 16th centuries recorders were the most popular flutes in Europe and represented the pinnacle of design in end-blown flutes. Around 1600 however, the transverse flute supplanted the recorder since it could play dynamics (loud & soft) more easily. Playing in tune was a problem on both types of flutes.

E. Throughout the 18th & 19th centuries the transverse flute remained in a state of developmental flux, with various numbers of keys and fingering systems existing side by side. These are referred to as simple system flutes. Examples of these are the 4-key, 6-key (Ziegler system), and 8-key (Meyer system) flutes & piccolos. In 1831 a brilliant German flutist named Theobald Boehm began to develop the modern system of keys that we play on today. His design, perfected by 1878, used a radically new fingering system that enabled flutists to play chromatically in all keys signatures and to play better in tune. This new system of fingering met with much resistance from flutists who were used to the older systems. It wasn't until after 1900, when that generation of flutists had passed away, that the Boehm system flute became the main type of flute used.

F. Although the Boehm system flute is the most popular flute used today, other side and end-blown flutes are still very popular in folk music around the world. One of these folk flutes is the Irish tin or penny whistle, a flageolet type of duct flute. These flutes first became popular in Ireland around 1900, were made of tin, and cost a penny, hence the names. They are still relatively inexpensive and quite easy to play. I highly recommend trying one.

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